to all appearances
英 /tu ɔːl əˈpɪərənsɪz/美 /tu ɔːl əˈpɪrənsɪz/
phr. 短语
从外表看;显然;就各方面而言
主要意思
「to all appearances」的核心含义是“从所有外在迹象来看”,即根据可见的表面现象进行判断。它暗含一种保留态度,表示判断基于观察而非确证的事实,因此结果可能与实际情况不符。本义强调“appearances”(表象)的全面性(all),引申出两种用法:一是客观描述“就表面所见而言”,如“To all appearances, the project is on schedule.”;二是带有反讽或转折意味,暗示表象之下另有真相,如“To all appearances, he was calm, but inside he was panicking.”。这种从“全面观察”到“潜在反差”的引申,体现了语言对表象与本质关系的关注。
来源与构成
该短语由“to”(介词)、“all”(形容词)和“appearances”(名词复数)组成。“appearance”源自拉丁语“apparere”(出现),经由古法语“aparance”进入英语,本义为“显现、外表”。“to”在此表示“根据……而言”,整体结构类似于“to all accounts”(据各方面所说)。记忆时可将“appearance”与“appear”(出现)联想,记住“出现出来的样子”即“表象”,而“all”强调全部,因此“to all appearances”就是“按所有表象来看”。
适用语境
该短语常见于正式写作和口语,但语域偏中高。在学术写作中,用于表达基于观察的初步结论,语气客观谨慎,如“To all appearances, the theory holds.”;在新闻报道中,用于描述未经证实但看似明显的情况,如“To all appearances, the ceasefire is holding.”;在文学作品中,常用来营造表面与真实的反差,如“To all appearances, the house was abandoned.”;在日常口语中较少使用,但偶尔出现时带有一种书卷气或讽刺意味。商务邮件中可能用于委婉地指出表面情况,但不如“apparently”或“seemingly”常用。总体而言,该短语在书面语中更常见,口语中显得正式。
语法提示
该短语在句中通常作状语,位置灵活,可置于句首、句中或句尾。常见用法是“To all appearances, + 完整句子”,其后需用逗号分隔。例如:“To all appearances, the meeting went well.”也可插入句中:“The meeting, to all appearances, went well.”注意“appearances”必须用复数,不可写作“appearance”。该短语本身无时态变化,但所在句子的时态需根据语境调整。易错点包括:误用单数形式、漏掉介词“to”,或将其与“apparently”混淆(后者更口语化且不带“表面可能虚假”的强烈暗示)。
相似词辨析
与“to all appearances”近义的短语有“apparently”、“seemingly”、“on the face of it”和“outwardly”。“apparently”更常用,语气中立,有时仅表示“据说”,而“to all appearances”更强调“全面观察”。"seemingly"暗含“可能并非如此”,与“to all appearances”的反讽意味相近,但后者更正式。“on the face of it”侧重“乍看之下”,常用于引出后续转折,如“On the face of it, the plan seems good, but...”,而“to all appearances”也可如此用,但更强调“所有证据”。“outwardly”仅指外表,不涉及全面判断。选择时,若需正式且全面,用“to all appearances”;若口语化,用“apparently”或“seemingly”。
使用注意
语域较正式,适合书面语,口语中略显生硬。中性色彩,但常带有“表象可能不可靠”的暗示,因此用于描述“表面现象”时,需注意上下文是否暗示真相不同。常见误用包括:将其等同于“obviously”(显然),但“obviously”强调事实明显,而“to all appearances”强调表面判断;或将其用于无需保留的确定性陈述中,如“To all appearances, the earth is round.”(应直接用“Obviously”)。此外,不要省略“all”,以免改变含义。
词语搭配
| to all appearances, ... | 从外表看,…… |
| seem to all appearances | 从外表看似平 |
| be to all appearances | 表面上看来是 |
| to all appearances, though | 然而从外表看 |
| contrary to all appearances | 与表面现象相反 |
| to all appearances, but | 从外表看……但 |
| to all appearances, yet | 从外表看……然而 |
实用例句
- To all appearances, the company is thriving, but its debts are mounting.从外表看,这家公司欣欣向荣,但债务却在不断增加。
- The old man, to all appearances, was a harmless eccentric.那个老人,从外表看,是个无害的怪人。
- To all appearances, the storm had passed, yet the sea remained rough.从表面迹象看,风暴已经过去,但海面依然汹涌。
- She was, to all appearances, a devoted wife and mother.从外表看,她是个尽职的妻子和母亲。
- To all appearances, the two countries are at peace, but tensions remain.从表面看,两国处于和平状态,但紧张局势依然存在。